Go Error Handling Patterns

# Go Error Handling Patterns
## Core Principles
### 1. Errors are Values
* Treat errors as first-class citizens in your code.
* Use errors to handle exceptional cases, not for control flow.

### 2. Explicit Error Handling
* Always check for errors explicitly.
* Do not ignore errors or assume they will not occur.

### 3. Error Types
* Use the `error` type to represent errors.
* Define custom error types when necessary.

## Code Style Guidelines
### Naming
* Use descriptive and concise names for error variables and functions.
* Prefix error variables with `err` to distinguish them from other variables.

### Typing
* Use the `error` type to declare error variables.
* Use type assertions or type switches to handle different error types.

## Best Practices
### 1. Handle Errors Immediately
* Handle errors as soon as they occur.
* Do not propagate errors up the call stack unnecessarily.

### 2. Use Error Wrapping
* Use error wrapping to provide context for errors.
* Use the `%w` directive to wrap errors.

### 3. Log Errors
* Log errors to provide visibility into error occurrences.
* Use a logging library to handle log levels and formatting.

### 4. Test Error Handling
* Test error handling code paths thoroughly.
* Use table-driven tests to cover multiple error scenarios.

## Common Pitfalls to Avoid
### 1. Ignoring Errors
* Never ignore errors or assume they will not occur.
* Always check for errors explicitly.

### 2. Overusing Panics
* Avoid using panics for error handling.
* Use errors to handle exceptional cases, not panics.

### 3. Insufficient Error Context
* Provide sufficient context for errors.
* Use error wrapping and logging to provide context.

### 4. Inconsistent Error Handling
* Handle errors consistently throughout the codebase.
* Establish a standard error handling approach.

## Example Use Cases
### Error Handling Example
```go
func exampleFunc() error {
    // Call a function that may return an error
    err := anotherFunc()
    if err!= nil {
        // Handle the error
        return fmt.Errorf("exampleFunc: %w", err)
    }
    // Continue execution
    return nil
}
```

### Error Wrapping Example
```go
func exampleFunc() error {
    // Call a function that may return an error
    err := anotherFunc()
    if err!= nil {
        // Wrap the error with context
        return fmt.Errorf("exampleFunc: failed to call anotherFunc: %w", err)
    }
    // Continue execution
    return nil
}
```

### Logging Example
```go
func exampleFunc() error {
    // Call a function that may return an error
    err := anotherFunc()
    if err!= nil {
        // Log the error
        log.Errorf("exampleFunc: failed to call anotherFunc: %v", err)
        // Handle the error
        return err
    }
    // Continue execution
    return nil
}
```